Citation guides -- Chicago

Futureatlas.com. (2010, Oct. 30). Citation Needed. Retrieved from https://www.flickr.com/photos/87913776@N00/5129607997. Used under the Creative Commons License.

The following tabs offer examples of citations according to the Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, 2010.  Though technically one citation style, Chicago has two forms:  the bibliography style and the author-date style, which is also known as the reference list style.

• The bibliography style involves either footnotes or endnotes in the text of your paper, AND a bibliography of the sources you used at the end of your paper.
• The author-date style involves citations in parentheses within the text of your paper, AND a list of references at the end of your paper.
• IMPORTANT: A bibliography and a list of references are very similar to each other, but do have a few differences in how they are presented, so be sure to follow Chicago's guidelines on how to formulate each.

In her book, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Kate Turabian introduces the two styles in the following passage:

The two most common forms of citation [are] called notes-bibliography style, or simply bibliography style (used widely in the humanities and in some social sciences), and parenthetical citations-reference list style, or reference list style (used in most social sciences and in the natural and physical sciences). If you are not certain which style to use in a paper, consult your instructor (Turabian, 15.3).

In the pages that follow, you will find a tabbed structure presenting examples of citing different types of media in both the bibliography style and the author-date style.