A source published with a fixed interval is defined as a periodical. Common types of periodicals include:
The MLA template of core elements, as mentioned on the main page in this web guide, illustrates that a source (or article) may be included in a "container." (See item #3.) An article from a periodical always includes at least one container. A container is the platform that publishes the source such as the newspaper (i.e., Wichita Eagle) or journal (i.e., International Feminist Journal of Politics).
An electronic version of an article is usually held within a container, so most electronic periodical article citations identify two containers: the periodical title and the database name. See MLA Handbook chapters 5.1, 5.31, and 5.36 for help defining and identifying containers.
Page numbers are omitted from online sources that do not include page numbers. See MLA Handbook chapters 5.85-5.92 for more about page numbers.
Omit "https://" on website URLs unless hyperlinking is desired, and it's required for hyperlinking. Do include "https://" on DOI URLs. See MLA Handbook chapters 5.93-5.98 for more about DOI and URL links.
Access Date
An access date is generally not included in a citation unless the work does not have a publication date, such as some open web sources. See MLA Handbook chapter 5.111 for verification of this statement.
Jackson, M. J., and V. Ruxton. “Creep-Feed Grinding Wheel Development for Safely Grinding Aerospace Alloys.” Journal of
Materials Engineering & Performance, vol. 30, no. 3, Mar. 2021, pp. 2220–28. SpringerLink,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-021-05489-7.
Havard, Cassandra Jones. “Hidden Figures: Wage Inequity and Economic Insecurity for Black Women and Other Women of
Color.” St. John’s Law Review, vol. 95, no. 4, Sept. 2022, pp. 641–81, Academic Search Complete,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=158875794&site=ehost-live.
Heidenthaler, Daniel, et al. “Automated Energy Performance Certificate Based Urban Building Energy Modelling Approach for
Predicting Heat Load Profiles of Districts.” Energy, vol. 278, Sept. 2023, ScienceDirect,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128024.
Chittka, Lars. "The Inner Lives of Insects. Scientific American, vol. 329, no 1, Jul./Aug 2023, pp. 26-33, Academic Search
Complete, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=163981335&site=ehost-live.
Davies, Paul. "Are Aliens Among Us?" Scientific American, vol. 297, no. 6, Dec. 2007, pp. 62-69.
Lohr, Steve. "Health Care Technology is a Promise Unfinanced." The New York Times, 3 Dec. 2004, p. C5.
Smith, Lindsay. "This Tiny Native Fish is Disappearing; Kansas Wildlife Officials are Working to Save It." The Wichita Eagle
[KS], 29 June 2023, NewsBank: Access World News, infoweb.newsbank.com.
Anise Health. "Digital Mental Health Startup Raises $1.2M Pre-Seed to Expand Culturally-Responsive Care.” PR Newswire,
12 June 2023. Newspaper Source Plus.
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=n5h&AN=202306120900PR.NEWS.USPR.NY25603&site=ehost-live.
Branch, John. "Babe Ruth the Way You’ve Never Seen Him Before." New York Times, Oct. 8, 2009,
www.nytimes.com/2009/10/09/sports/baseball/09video.html.
Neuendorf, Dorian. "Honoring Past, Promoting Future with Navajo Nation (Air Mobility Command Public Affairs)." U. S. Air
Force News. 29 June 2023,
www.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/3443204/honoring-past-promoting-future-with-navajo-nation/.
"A Chance to Learn." San Francisco Chronicle, 13 Jul. 2009, p. A10.
"Using Computers to Analyse Sentiments: An Emotional Response." Economist, 6 Oct. 2009,
www.economist.com/node/14582575.
