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Citing Sources -- MLA 9th Edition

Book Examples

The author, book title, publisher, book edition and volume, copyright date and any other details needed for the citation are all usually found on the title page and copyright page, which is usually reverse of the title page. Although a citation aid can help create a citation in MLA style, the title page and copyright page within the book are considered to be primary source information for these details. See MLA Handbook chapter five for more help on citing books. 

Almost all sources are found in a container. However, a book often is a self-contained work. A container is the platform that publishes the source or that publishes the electronic full-text version of the source. Common types of containers are listed below. See MLA Handbook ch. 5.32 for more examples of containers and 5.34 to better identify containers.

  • Anthologies
  • Journals, magazines and newspapers (also called "periodicals")
  • Library databases such as EBSCOhost or ProQuest
  • Print platforms such as PubMed and ERIC
  • Streaming media platforms like YouTube and Netflix
  • Museum websites

An access date is not usually used for eBooks because most databases are reliable and permanent sources.

Book, No Author:

World Development Report. Oxford UP, 1989.

Book, One Author:

Berry, Wendell. The Gift of Good Land. North Point, 1981.

Book, Two Authors, Second Edition:

Nuechterlein, Jonathan, and Philip Weiser. Digital Crossroads: American Telecommunications Policy in the
     Internet Age.
2nd ed., The MIT Press, 2007.

Book, More Than Three Authors:

Blaikie, Peirs, et al. Nepal in Crisis: Growth and Stagnation at the Periphery. Oxford UP, 1980.

Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan, et al. Advanced Composite Materials and Structures : Modeling and Analysis.
     CRC Press, 2023, eBook Collection. 

Book, with Editor:

Del Castillo, Adelaida R., editor. Between Borders: Essays on Mexicana/Chicana History. Floricanto,
     1990.

Poston, Lucilla, et. al. editors.  Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge
     University Press, 2022, doi:10.1017/9781009272254

Book, with Translator, Two Volume Set:

Gall, Lothar. Bismarck: The White Revolutionary. translated by J.A. Underwood, 2 vols., Allen & Unwin,
     1986.

Chapter or Article Within a Book:

Li, Charlene and Josh Bernoff. "The Social Technographics Profile." Groundswell: Winning in a World
     Transformed by Social technologies, Harvard Business Press, 2008, pp. 39-62.

Chapter or Article Within an Edited Book:

Marcus, Jane. "The Asylums of Antaeus: Women, War, and Madness -- Is There a Feminist Fetish?."
     The New Historicism, edited by H. Aram Vesser, Routledge, 1989, pp. 132-151.

Encyclopedia Article, print:

Jones, Malcom. "Scatology." Medieval Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Myths, Legends, Tales, Beliefs, and Customs. Edited
     by Carl Lindahl, John McNamara, and John Lindow, vol. 2, ABC-CLIO, 2000, pp. 883-888.

Encyclopedia Article, Online:

McLean, Steve. "The Tragically Hip." The Canadian Encyclopedia, 26 Mar. 2015, Historica
     Canada. www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/the-tragically-hip-emc. Accessed 27 July 2016.

Wikipedia contributors. "Cactus Fries." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cactus_fries&oldid=1164031688,
     Accessed 7 July 2023.

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