MUSC 892: Seminar in Music History post 1750 - Film Music

This film score handbook provides a detailed analysis of Alex North's astounding score for Elia Kazan's 1951 adaptation of A Streetcar Named Desire. Beginning with a review of North's musical training and film scoring techniques, the book then uses approaches from both musicology and film studies to present a comprehensive exploration of the film's (self-)censorship and its impact on North's music, most notably in the film's infamous staircase scene.

Regarded as one of the greatest film composers of all time, Bernard Herrmann was responsible for some of the most memorable music in film. His work with Alfred Hitchcock produced a slew of classics including Vertigo (1958), North by Northwest (1959), and Psycho (1960). Several years before collaborating with Hitchcock, however, Herrmann composed the brilliant score for The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), which remained a personal favorite of the composer's. Herrmann's score reinforces the film's romantic theme, and much of the music has an appropriately elegiac quality. In mood, orchestration, and even to some extent thematic identity, it seems to prefigure his music for Vertigo.

This in-depth musicological and critical study examines how Bernard Herrmann's score for Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo plays a crucial role in the articulation and development of the film's narrative and how it affects readings of the film. Herrmann's collaboration with Hitchcock spanned eleven years and nine films, and Herrmann's film score for Vertigo is widely regarded as being one of his finest. Cooper considers the development of Herrmann's career up to 1958, providing a detailed discussion of his musical style. The explicit information about the structure of Herrmann's music is based on a study of Herrmann's autograph score. Cooper examines not only the context of the film's production, but also its reception and critical readings of the film. In addition, this study explores how the effects track co-operates with Herrmann's non-diegetic and diegetic score and concludes with a detailed musicological study. The author advances a new theory, in his discussion of signification, about the establishment of meaning in film music through association with images on the screen.

Danny Elfman is recognized as one of the most successful, interesting, and innovative figures in recent film music composition. He came to the fore in the late 1980s in connection with his collaboration with Tim Burton on his films including Pee-Wee's Big Adventure (1985), Beetlejuice (1988), Batman (1989), Edward Scissorhands (1990), The Nightmare before Christmas (1993), and Sleepy Hollow (1999). In addition to this, Elfman has composed music for more than 40 other films, including Somersby (1993), Dolores Claibourne (1995), Good Will Hunting (1997), Men in Black (1997), and Spiderman (2002). Beetlejuice was the first mainstream commercial success of the collaboration, but Batman was the film which marked Tim Burton's arrival as a major figure in Hollywood film direction, and equally established Danny Elfman as a film score composer, particularly in relation to action and fantasy genres. The score for Batman won a Grammy in 1989 and is an outstanding example of his collaboration with Burton as well as admirably demonstrating his particular talents and distinctive compositional voice. In particular, it displays the characteristic "darkness" of his orchestration in this genre and the means he uses to create a full length film score from what is often a relatively small amount of musical material, in this case the famous Batman theme.

Nominated for three Academy Awards in 1974, including Best Picture and Best Sound, Francis Ford Coppola s The Conversation is regarded as the archetypal achievement in weaving together a balanced blend of dialogue, cinematography, sound effects, and music. For the film, composer David Shire created a score that challenged preconceptions of the music's function within film. Featuring a jazz-infused piano score with pioneering excursions into electroacoustic techniques, Shire's music provides depth and meaning to the soundtrack by establishing a musical/narrative metaphorical correlation that traces the main character's psychological journey.

Released in late 1960, The Magnificent Seven was a Western reimagining of the 1954 Japanese film Seven Samurai. Despite such stars as Steve McQueen, Yul Brynner, and Charles Bronson, the film was not terribly successful when it premiered. However, in the years since, the film has become recognized as a classic of the genre. And though the movie received only one Academy Award nomination, that honor was bestowed on Elmer Bernstein's rousing score. Beyond the scope of the film, the score has permeated American culture: the music has been used in countless commercials and referenced on television shows like Cheers and The Simpsons. But what makes this score so memorable? In Elmer Bernstein's The Magnificent Seven: A Film Score Guide, Mariana Whitmer examines the creation and development of one of the most iconic soundtracks in the history of cinema.

Released in late 1960, The Magnificent Seven was a Western reimagining of the 1954 Japanese film Seven Samurai. Though the movie received only one Academy Award nomination, that honor was bestowed on Elmer Bernstein's rousing score. Beyond the scope of the film, the score has permeated American culture: the music has been used in countless commercials and referenced on television shows like Cheers and The Simpsons. But what makes this score so memorable? Here the author explores the significance of the familiar score through a variety of lenses, first delving into the background of Elmer Bernstein and his emergence as one of the key composers of the Silver Age of film music. The author then traces Bernstein's early musical endeavors and considers why he was attracted to "Americana" music, which particularly influenced his scoring of The Magnificent Seven. The book also summarizes Bernstein's early Western scores, noting that although they are clearly in the mainstream of the genre's musical style, they are also enhanced by Bernstein's own distinctive touches.

This guide demonstrates Morricone's unique and enduring contributions to the art of film music through a discussion of his compositional and orchestrational processes, many of which are evident in his music for The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in a way that can be easily understood. The guide illuminates theoretical and structural aspects of Morricone's music, examining relevant non-musical issues which contribute to the audience's total experience of the film.

Among the many fine examples of film scores by Erich Wolfgang Korngold (1897-1957), the score for The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) stands out the most. Winner of the Academy Award(TM) for best dramatic score in 1938, it is seen by many as the archetypal accompaniment to a Warner Brothers swashbuckler, and it established Korngold as one of the leading exponents of film score composition at a formative point in its history.

Upon his arrival in Hollywood, Alfred Hitchcock began work on his first American film, an adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's best-selling novel. Produced by David O. Selznick and featuring compelling performances by Laurence Olivier, Joan Fontaine, and Judith Anderson, Rebecca became one of Hitchcock's most successful films. It was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and received the Oscar for Best Picture, the only Hitchcock work to be so honored. Without question, one of the reasons for the film's success is its ninety minutes of dramatic musical underscoring by Franz Waxman.

Anthony Minghella's 1996 film The English Patient won nine Academy Awards_, including one for Best Original Score. Though Gabriel Yared had previously composed scores for several films, including Betty Blue, Camille Claudel, and Vincent & Theo, his work on The English Patient launched him into international public consciousness. His score for this film testifies to the continued appeal of a classical, noncommercial style of scoring, eschewing the use of contemporary pop music for a more 'timeless' sound.

Christopher Nolan's caped crusader trilogy--Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises--is considered by many to be one of the finest translations of comic book characters to the big screen. The second film in the series, The Dark Knight, was both a critical and commercial success, featuring an Oscar-winning performance by Heath Ledger as the Joker. The score--by Academy Award winner Hans Zimmer and eight-time Oscar nominee James Newton Howard--also received accolades, including a Grammy. Intricately interwoven with the sound design--and incorporating Mel Wesson's ground-breaking ambient music design, --Zimmer's and Howard's music gives the film an added layer of ominous tones that makes palpable the menace facing Gotham City.

Christopher Nolan's caped crusader trilogy: Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, and The Dark Knight Rises, is considered by many to be one of the finest translations of comic book characters to the big screen. The second film in the series, The Dark Knight, was both a critical and commercial success, featuring an Oscar-winning performance by Heath Ledger as the Joker. The score by Academy Award winner Hans Zimmer and eight-time Oscar nominee James Newton Howard also received accolades, including a Grammy. Intricately interwoven with the sound design and incorporating Mel Wesson's ground-breaking ambient music design, Zimmer's and Howard's music gives the film an added layer of ominous tones that makes palpable the menace facing Gotham City.

Based on Neil Gaiman s novel of the same name, Stardust (2007) was an instant hit with fans of fantasy and science-fiction. The film follows the adventures of a young man who crosses through a gap in a wall which separates England from a magical kingdom. The fantastical atmosphere required by the narrative is maintained by the scale and grandeur of much of the musical score, written by rising British composer Ilan Eshkeri.

Released in 2002, M. Night Shyamalan s Signs was the director s follow-up to The Sixth Sense and Unbreakable, and his third collaboration with composer James Newton Howard. Well received by audiences and critics alike, the film was often cited by reviewers for its music. With its dependence on a single motive, the score is unique in Howard s career, and one of his most effective and haunting works.

With its unique focus on pacifism, The Big Country was an unusual Western for audiences of the 1950s. Produced in 1958, this epic film featured an all-star cast that included Gregory Peck, Charlton Heston, and Oscar-winner Burl Ives. One of the most enduring elements of the film has been Jerome Moross's score. Inspired to re-think the traditional Western score and approach it in a way that enhances the emotional content, rather than simply accompanying the action, Moross created a work that stands as one of the great achievements of cinematic music.

Released in 1954, On the Waterfront is considered one of the greatest films of all time, winning eight Academy Awards including Best Picture and placing in the top 20 on the American Film Institute s 100 Films survey. The film s Oscar-nominated score represented a rare venture into film music composition by Leonard Bernstein. Anthony Bushard examines this landmark work, a score that continues to influence composers of film and classical music alike.

James Wierzbicki's book on the score for Forbidden Planet deals with the composers' backgrounds; the composers' studio techniques; the critcal context of 1950's American science-fiction films and a summary of cirical readings of Forbidden Planet; an analysis of the decontextualized music as presented on the 1977 original soundtrack album; and a cue-by-cue analysis of the Barrons' music as it is actually used in the film. With numerous transcriptions and graphs to illustrate various aspects of musical structure, this study blazes a much-needed trail in the study of electronic music.

Max Steiner's contribution to the formulation of early Hollywood scoring techniques is significant, particularly through his music for "King Kong" (1933) and "The Informer" (1935). The Academy Award winning score for "Now, Voyager "reflects the maturation of the composer's understanding of the dramatic function of music in film. The primary resources incorporated in the analysis include, from the Max Steiner collection at Brigham Young University, Steiner's letters and scrapbooks and his unpublished autobiography "Notes to You." In addition to contributing to the composer's own perspective on the music for this film and on scoring practice in general, these papers contribute to a broader debate about how films are interpreted and the part music plays in these schemes of criticism. This study of the film score occurs within the broader theoretical and historical debates currently characterizing film musicology and explores, from varied perspectives, how the score is meaningful and important to the film.

In 1925, MGM produced a screen version of Lew Wallace's best-selling novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, which became a classic of silent cinema. Nearly thirty-five years later, the biblical epic was remade by William Wyler and received an unprecedented eleven Academy Awards, including one for Miklós Rózsa's music. Indeed, the score for Ben-Hur is one of the greatest accompishments in Hollywood film music, and in this book Roger Hickman focuses on the confluence of traditions, trends, and innovations that shaped Rózsa's monumental achievement.

This book studies the music and sound in Ang Lee's film The Ice Storm, providing a unique insight into the collaborative processes that influenced the development and evolution of the score, and illustrating how the politics of filmmaking interacts with creativity.

Released in 1972, 1974, and 1990 respectively, Francis Ford Coppola's three-part saga is one of the greatest artistic accomplishments (and financial successes) in the history of Hollywood cinema. The latest in Scarecrow's Film Score Guides series, Nino Rota's The Godfather Trilogy: A Film Score Guide discusses the events that led to the realization of the three films and studies and analyzes their music. Sciannameo reexamines The Godfather Trilogy from a variety of perspectives, with special focus on the music Rota composed to bind together approximately nine hours of cinematic narrative. Probing Rota's formation as a musician amidst the cultural climate established by Italian Fascism, Sciannameo examines Rota's initial stylistic adherence to the Mussolini-dictated or inspired concept of Italianness and then his return to a more congenial 19th-century formulaic vocabulary.

Director Krzysztof Kieslowski's Three Colors trilogy--Blue (1993), White (1993), and Red (1994)--is one of the great achievements of European film. A meditation on liberty, equality, and fraternity, these three films marked the culmination of the director's career, as well as the zenith of one of the most important creative collaborations in 20th-century cinema-between Kieslowski, scriptwriter Krzysztof Piesiewicz, and composer Zbigniew Preisner. Thanks to their close working relationship, music for the Three Colors trilogy achieves both a focal narrative and philosophical function. At times, Preisner's music advances the narrative independently of the films' other codes; at other times, it creates a metaphorical space into which the audience is invited in order to read for "deeper" messages.

Also different editions located in both the Music and Ablah Libraries.

Two copies, one in the Music Library, one in Ablah Library.