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CESP 858 Research, Assessment and Program Evaluation

This guide is for the class CESP 858: Research, Assessment and Program Evaluation

Boolean operators 

Boolean searching is a great way to limit, widen and/or redefine your search. Therefore, it’s a great search method for complex research topics. AND/OR/NOT are known as Boolean operators and they’re used to define the relationship between your search terms.

  • “and” will narrow your results
  • “or” will expand your results
  • “not” will exclude terms from your results

Search precedence

Databases are programmed to prioritize Boolean Operators.  This is often called "search precedence "and it influences how your search is performed. For instance, most databases give AND precedence over OR, meaning terms linked with AND will be searched before those linked with OR, no matter the order they appear in your search. 

Boolean modifier- quotation marks

When quotation marks are used around a phrase (with 2 or more words), it ensures that the phrase will be searched for as a whole and the words won’t be searched separately in the database.

Citation Chasing

  • Citation chasing involves conducting research by using citations from sources you already have to find more sources.
  • This can be a great alternate search strategy when regular keyword searching isn’t turning up the results you would like.

Cited Reference Searching

  • Cited reference searching involves finding out how many other sources have cited the source you’ve found since it was published

  • You can use the "cited by" feature in Google Scholar to find other sources that have cited your source.

  • Some databases also have a "cited reference search" feature you can use. For example, there is a "cited references" tab along the top bar of the Academic Search Complete database.

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